MARKET INFRASTRUCTURE
The EU want to detach the makers of propositions (banks, Payment Institutions) from the owners of supporting infrastructure (clearing houses like EBA, utilities like Voca and Equens, card companies like Visa and Mastercard).
Apart from changes in interface standards, this causes market disruption, in areas like interchange fees, retirement of circuits for cards operating in only one country.
Banks should achieve pan-European reach outwards and reachability inwards - how many linkages are required?
