Published on 19 July 2021
Below is the text of an article we had published on CapX last week about the bunfight between HM Treasury and Brussels on the supposed size of the Brexit divorce bill: in short, neither of them can know for sure what it is because of the loopholes in the agreement on which the calculations are based.
Much hullabaloo is being kicked up because Brussels is now
estimating the Brexit divorce bill at £41 billion over whatever period in their
latest accounts, a £2 billion (or was it £6 billion?) increase over the
previous OBR estimate of £35-39 billion.
The Centre for Brexit Policy made it clear last year that the wording of the
Withdrawal Agreement laid the UK open to a risk of both a great difficulty in
determining a final figure and an escalation in the basis of the calculation.
Downing Street pushed the Withdrawal Agreement through anyway, without closing
off these loopholes.
It is some comfort that Brussels’ current estimate is close to the OBR’s one. The worry remains, though, that this cash amount assumes that there is no conversion into a cash claim of the EU-level Contingent Liabilities that were engaged during the UK’s membership, such as for the borrowings funding the European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism, or for the guarantees to the European Investment Bank for its lending outside the EU and for its dealings in the InvestEU structure. Some of the InvestEU transactions have no end date.
If the UK has signed a deal, it needs to honour it; if the UK’s consideration is payable over an extended period the UK has a lever with which to force the EU’s compliance with whatever they agreed to under the same deal.
That is not the only good news. The UK is not now co-responsible for the EUR750 billion Covid recovery fund (NextGeneration EU). The borrowings taken on to create this fund will be repayable from 2030-2050 at a rate of around EUR40 billion per annum, of which the UK’s share would have been EUR4-5 billion. Whether this amount would have been categorised as extra Member State cash contributions, Member State loan repayments or new taxes that count as the EU’s “Own Resources” is immaterial: the EU’s borrowings would have imposed an extra annual burden of EUR4-5 billion on the UK on top of the net Member State cash contributions of EUR10-11 billion.
Moreover the financial risk of EU membership is rising. The European Investment Bank has declared itself to be the EU Climate Bank and is rapidly ramping up its “investments” in that area.
The European Central Bank has ramped up its support programmes such that they represent 100% of Eurozone GDP and without an exit route beyond a comprehensive re-set of obligations which cannot fail to involve the Member States that are not in the Eurozone, of which the UK was easily the largest.
The EU has not and appears not to be planning to use the substantial headroom under the 2013-2020 EU budget to create extra Contingent Liabilities that the UK would have to share in. The headroom has not yet been converted into new programmes and, even though there is a carryover until the end of 2021 for the headroom to be mobilised, the EU is now concentrating its new programmes within the 2021-27 budget. That has let the UK off the hook for possibly as much as EUR200 billion of new risk that would have counted within the EU Contingent Liabilities in-scope of the Withdrawal Agreement.
Set against all of that, £40 billion spread over many years may turn out to be a very good deal for the UK – but of course we can only hope that the in-scope EU Contingent Liabilities do not crystallise into a demand for cash over and above the £40 billion.
Instead of cavilling about a potential uplift of £2 billion – which makes Downing Street and the UK appear churlish – Downing Street should ensure the EU does deliver and properly on its reciprocal obligations.
£2 billion is small change compared to some of the amounts that the government has wasted or overpaid during the Covid epidemic, or which it has allowed to be plundered by criminals from the public purse through its Covid support measures. That incompetence is paralleled by the loopholes left in the Withdrawal Agreement around EU Contingent Liabilities. The UK remains a hostage to fortune in that arena, possibly for eternity. The Centre for Brexit Policy warned about this. Downing Street’s cavilling over the cash estimate looks like an attempt to blow smoke in people’s eyes.